In Portugal, education is only obligatory from the age of 6 till the age of 18. However, there is pre-primary education in Portugal, which goes from 4 months up to 5 years, divided into Nursery and Kindergarten.
NURSERY
The usual maternity leave lasts till the child is four months old. Children from four months to three years old may frequent a nursery (Infantário or Creche). The large majority of nurseries are private, however, there are some state-run nurseries as well.
KINDERGARTEN
From the age of three years old till the age of five years old, children are often put in Kindergartens (Jardins de Infância), which can be private or state-run. State-run kindergartens provision is free of charge.
From 5/6 years on, school is obligatory for 12 years. These 12 years are divided into Basic Education, from 1st to 9th grade, and Secondary Education, from 10th to 12th. There are private and public schools.
From 5/6 years on, school is obligatory for 12 years. These 12 years are divided into Basic Education, from 1st to 9th grade, and Secondary Education, from 10th to 12th. There are private and public schools.
Every school year starts around the second week of September and ends by the second week of June. The school year is divided into three terms, limited by two weeks of Christmas break and two weeks of Easter break. There is also a three-day-break because of Carnival.
There are measurement exams in the end of the 2nd, 5th and 8th grades.
There are national exams in the end of the 9th, 11th and 12th grades, so school ends a week earlier for students of that year.
BASIC EDUCATION (Ensino Básico) is composed of nine years divided into three cycles of four, two and three years respectively.
1ST CYCLE (1ST TO 4TH GRADE): Students have Portuguese Language, Mathematics and Environment Study as general subjects, which may be enriched by extra-curricular activities such as English Language, Arts, Music Education, Physical Education and Religious Education.
2ND CYCLE (5TH TO 6TH GRADE): The obligatory subjects are Portuguese Language, Mathematics, History and Geography of Portugal, English, Natural Sciences and Physical Education. There are facultative activities such as Music Education, Arts, Crafts and Religious Education.
3RD CYCLE (7TH TO 9TH GRADE): The obligatory subjects are Portuguese Language, English, a second foreign language (French, Spanish or German), Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry, History, Geography, Physical Education and either Arts, Crafts, Music. Religious Education is facultative.
SECONDARY EDUCATION includes the final three obligatory years of school, which are either high education-oriented or work-oriented. The student has to choose either a general program between the areas of Science and Technology, Social and Human Sciences, Socio-Economics and Visual Arts, or a professional program.
1ST CYCLE (1ST TO 4TH GRADE): Students have Portuguese Language, Mathematics and Environment Study as general subjects, which may be enriched by extra-curricular activities such as English Language, Arts, Music Education, Physical Education and Religious Education.
2ND CYCLE (5TH TO 6TH GRADE): The obligatory subjects are Portuguese Language, Mathematics, History and Geography of Portugal, English, Natural Sciences and Physical Education. There are facultative activities such as Music Education, Arts, Crafts and Religious Education.
3RD CYCLE (7TH TO 9TH GRADE): The obligatory subjects are Portuguese Language, English, a second foreign language (French, Spanish or German), Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry, History, Geography, Physical Education and either Arts, Crafts, Music. Religious Education is facultative.
SECONDARY EDUCATION includes the final three obligatory years of school, which are either high education-oriented or work-oriented. The student has to choose either a general program between the areas of Science and Technology, Social and Human Sciences, Socio-Economics and Visual Arts, or a professional program.
Some subjects are rated on its depth and difficulty with a letter from A to C, being A the hardest level and C the easiest.
GENERAL PROGRAMMES:
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Mathematics A, Biology, Geology, Physics, Chemistry A, Psychology B and Law.
SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, History A, Geography A, Geography C, a second foreign language, Portuguese Literature, Math Applied to Social Sciences, Latin, Sociology, Psychology B and Law.
SOCIAL-ECONOMICS has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Mathematics A, Economics, History B, Geography C, Sociology, Psychology B and Law.
VISUAL ARTS has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Drawing A, Descriptive Geography, Mathematics B, History of Culture and Art, Art Atelier, Multimedia Atelier, Materials and Technologies and Psychology B.
The work-oriented programmes offer their students the qualification for specific jobs. These programmes include areas such as Sports, Civil Construction, Cooking, Computing, Equipment Design, Environment and Territory Order, Marketing, Multimedia, Tourism, Social Action and Social Animation.
GENERAL PROGRAMMES:
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Mathematics A, Biology, Geology, Physics, Chemistry A, Psychology B and Law.
SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, History A, Geography A, Geography C, a second foreign language, Portuguese Literature, Math Applied to Social Sciences, Latin, Sociology, Psychology B and Law.
SOCIAL-ECONOMICS has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Mathematics A, Economics, History B, Geography C, Sociology, Psychology B and Law.
VISUAL ARTS has classes such as Portuguese, Philosophy, a foreign language, Physical Education, Drawing A, Descriptive Geography, Mathematics B, History of Culture and Art, Art Atelier, Multimedia Atelier, Materials and Technologies and Psychology B.
The work-oriented programmes offer their students the qualification for specific jobs. These programmes include areas such as Sports, Civil Construction, Cooking, Computing, Equipment Design, Environment and Territory Order, Marketing, Multimedia, Tourism, Social Action and Social Animation.
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